What is an audit trail review?
An audit trail can help reconstruct relevant events associated with an electronic record, including who performed an action, when it occurred, and what changed. A review should consider the record's intended use, applicable requirements, system capabilities, and the risk associated with the process.
This checklist is a planning aid. It does not access your eDHR system, retrieve audit trail data, determine regulatory applicability, or automatically establish that a record is trustworthy.
1. Review information
Define the record, review scope, and responsible personnel.
2. Audit trail review controls
Set a status for each control and record evidence, findings, and follow-up actions.
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Audit Trail Review Report
How to review audit trails effectively
Use a documented, risk-based approach that fits the record, process, and applicable requirements.
- Define scope: identify the record, review period, event types, system, and selection rationale.
- Verify record linkage: confirm the events can be associated with the relevant record and, where appropriate, its version.
- Inspect attribution: examine whether the system records an identifiable user or source for relevant actions.
- Review changes: look for changes, deletions, corrections, overrides, and other events relevant to the process.
- Assess timestamps: consider time-zone conventions, clock synchronization, ordering, and any unexplained anomalies.
- Evaluate exceptions: investigate unusual events based on risk, procedures, and the context of the record.
- Document conclusions: link evidence to each conclusion and record the owner and disposition of follow-up actions.
Frequently asked questions
Regulatory references
Consult the current official text and applicable guidance. Applicability and interpretation should be assessed for the specific records and system.
- 21 CFR Part 11 — Electronic Records; Electronic Signatures
- FDA Guidance: Part 11, Electronic Records; Electronic Signatures — Scope and Application
- FDA Guidance Documents — Official Guidance Search